Decimal count and numbers symbols of the Upper Paleolithic: «X» (10); «I X» (50); «I X I» (100) (deciphering the signs of the Shulgan-Tash cave - 30 thousand years BC)

Doklady Bashkirskogo Universiteta. 2025. Volume 10. No. 3. pp. 85-97.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33184/dokbsu-2025.3.10

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The article presents the results of decoding the drawings and signs of the Shulgan-Tash cave. It has been established that the words denoting numbers in different languages indicate that the basis of the quantitative numerals of the peoples of the world is the ancient decimal count of the Paleolithic era. It has been proven that the ornament of the primitive art of the Paleolithic caves of Shulgan-Tash and the caves of Europe contains counting, calendar records. The common feature is a stably repeating grouping of 10 elements - decimal counting and the symbol of the decimal set - "X". It has been substantiated that Roman numerals are signs of numerical sets of the early Upper Paleolithic era. It has been established that the drawings and artifacts of the Shulgan-Tash caveand the artifacts of the Shulganovo 4 site were created in the early Upper Paleolithic. It has been proven that the culture of the Shulgan-Tash cave corresponds to the first stage of the Kostenki-Strelets culture (35-28 thousand years BC).