Star map, signs of birth, life and death in the ancient astronomical observatory - syimaly-tash (ignatievskaya) cave in the Southern Urals (deciphering of paleolithic text)

Doklady Bashkirskogo Universiteta. 2023. Volume 8. No. 4. pp. 6-38.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33184/dokbsu-2023.4.2

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The article presents the results of deciphering the Paleolithic text - signs and drawings of the Syimaly-Tash (Ignatievskaya) cave in the Southern Urals. It has been established that on the ceiling of the Far Hall of the cave the stars and constellations of Taurus, Virgo, Pleiades, Hyades, Ursa Major, Ursa Minor and others are depicted. The meaning and of two panels in the Far Hall - Life and Death - has been deciphered. The panels contain lunar calendars of successful and unsuccessful pregnancies, the death of women and female animals. It has been proven that the signs of the Great Hall are different options for calculating the phases of the Moon. It is substantiated that the drawings of the buffalo and the woman on the ceiling of the Far Hall represent the constellations Taurus and Virgo; when the Moon in the new Moon phase and the Sun are within these constellations, two solar eclipses occur per year. It has been proven that the Syimaly-Tash cave (Ignatievskaya, Yazma-Tash) is the oldest astronomical observatory of the Upper Paleolithic era (13 thousand years BC) in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is substantiated that primitive people of the Upper Paleolithic era possessed astronomical knowledge and used it in their daily life. It has been proven that the ancient people of the Syimaly-Tash and Shulgan-Tash caves tamed mammoth, rhinoceros and horse offspring.